Panerai

Founded in 1860 in Florence, Italy, Panerai began as a modest watchmaking workshop, shop, and school established by Giovanni Panerai. The company initially thrived by distributing high-quality Swiss watches, particularly those from established brands like Rolex. Over time, a partnership with Rolex would prove instrumental in Panerai's distinct evolution.

During the early 20th century, the brand primarily supplied precision instruments to the Italian Navy. This relationship deepened in 1935 when Panerai produced the Radiomir prototype, named after the radium-based powder used to illuminate dials, a critical feature for divers operating in dark underwater environments. By 1936, this prototype evolved into the first diving watch, featuring large, luminescent numerals and indices, robust water resistance, and a unique dial design that would become Panerai's signature.

A significant milestone was achieved during World War II. In 1938, Panerai introduced the Radiomir 3646, tailor-made for the frogmen of the Royal Italian Navy, who undertook daring underwater missions. This era also saw the application of the now-iconic sandwich dial, enhancing legibility in low-light conditions.

In 1949, Panerai replaced the radium-based lume with tritium, leading to the creation of the Luminor—the watch that embodied both the brand's technological advancements and a new era in luminous materials. The Luminor also featured the characteristic crown-protecting bridge, further solidifying its status in horological history.

Despite their pivotal role in military operations, Panerai watches remained relatively obscure to the public until the 1990s. The brand gained newfound recognition when acquired by the Vendôme Group, now Richemont, in 1997. This acquisition catapulted Panerai into the luxury watch market, where it attracted enthusiasts and collectors alike.

Today, Panerai continues to innovate while honoring its storied past. Its timepieces, often characterized by large case sizes and distinctive designs, reflect a heritage rooted in precision, durability, and a unique blend of Swiss craftsmanship with Italian design.